PAID
Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale
A self-report measure of diabetes-specific emotional distress.
At a Glance
- Population
- Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
- Number of Items
- 20 items
- Instrument Type
- PROM
- Digital Administration Availability
- Suitable for self-report electronic administration
- Automated Scoring Availability
- Yes — simple sum score, 0–100 after transformation
- Suitable Use Settings
- Diabetes clinical care and research
About the Instrument
Developed by Polonsky and colleagues and copyrighted by the Joslin Diabetes Center, the PAID scale is a widely validated and translated measure of diabetes-related emotional distress.
What It Measures
Emotional distress related to living with and managing diabetes, including worries about complications and treatment burden.
Digital Administration
Delivered electronically through the PROMinsight platform as part of a digital patient-reported outcomes workflow.
Scoring / Reporting
Twenty items are each scored 0–4 and summed, then multiplied by 1.25 to give a 0–100 total distress score.
Use in Research / Clinical Care / Clinical Trials
Widely used in diabetes research internationally, with validated translations in at least 15 languages.
Enquire About This Instrument
Interested in using the PAID in your research, clinical programme or study? Contact PROMinsight to discuss access.
Enquire About This Instrument